- #STENO WRITING YEARS 2016 SKWR PL NUMBER BAR HOW TO#
- #STENO WRITING YEARS 2016 SKWR PL NUMBER BAR CODE#
The trade-off, of course, is that "FRIMT" doesn't really sound much like "from time to time", though it's got a hint of mnemonic resonance to hang your hat on. For instance, the phrase "from time to time" could be written out:Įither one will translate as "from time to time" if they're defined that way in the steno dictionary, but the second one is shorter and easier to write. Briefs are simply non-phonetic mappings of steno outlines to English words or phrases. Another important tool in steno is the brief, also known as the "abbreviation", "short form", or "arbitrary". So far most of the outlines I've shown you fall under the category of "more or less phonetic". A steno machine registers a stroke as complete when all the previously pressed keys have been released, so the slash indicates that the stenographer should lift all their fingers from the keyboard and then write the next chord in the outline. When you see a slash between two steno outlines, it means that the word or phrase is made up of multiple strokes. Multisyllabic words will sometimes be written phonetically, syllable by syllable (often with schwa sounds omitted) but will sometimes be truncated, inverted, or mashed together. Soundalike words are usually differentiated by altering vowels, taking advantage of spelling differences, or inserting the asterisk key in the less common outline. Most one-syllable words are written phonetically, unless they contain letters out of steno order (STKPWHRAO*EUFRPBLGTSDZ - more on that in the next lesson) or if they conflict with soundalike words or phrases.
#STENO WRITING YEARS 2016 SKWR PL NUMBER BAR HOW TO#
Each stenographer has a wide degree of latitude in determining how to write each word, and the criteria they use are fairly arbitrary, as long as the outlines are memorable and easy to write. Steno is commonly considered a phonetic writing system, though I would really call it more of a phonetic-mnemonic system. Then in the second lesson I'll start teaching you those "B" to "PW" and "I" to "EU" mappings using the chart. Because pseudosteno is much easier for beginners to read, I'm using it to write all the examples in this first lesson. The stenographer would know to translate the "B" to "PW", the "I" to "EU", and the "N" to "PB" when writing the outline on the machine. So the word "braving", which would properly be written "PWRAEUFPBG", would be written "BRAIFNG" in pseudosteno. When writing down steno outlines for the benefit of colleagues or students, stenographers often employ a sort of pseudosteno, writing the English letters they mean to represent, rather than the actual keys they would press on the machine to write the chord. When struck with other letters, it's a sort of wild card, and can be employed for several different purposes, all of which I'll get into later.Įach letter appears in a strictly defined order within a chord, and chords are always read from left to right.
The asterisk key, struck by itself, represents a command to delete the last stroke from the record. The letters on the left hand side represent the beginning consonants of words, the keys operated by the thumbs represent vowels, and the letters on the right hand side represent the ending consonants. The asterisk and number keys are all identical to one another their numbers only vary for ergonomic reasons.Ī chord made up of one or more of those keys (also known as a "steno outline") can represent a single letter, a syllable, or an entire word. A steno machine has anywhere between 24 and 37 keys: 22 capital letter keys, 1 to 4 asterisk keys, 1 to 9 number keys, and sometimes 2 optional accessory keys. Today's steno machine is descended from a machine first invented by Ward Stone Ireland in 1910.
#STENO WRITING YEARS 2016 SKWR PL NUMBER BAR CODE#
Later I'll get into the nitty gritty, but for a first introduction, I just want to give a quick overview on what it takes to turn words into a code that a computer can turn back into words. Before I start teaching you how to use that nice colorful chart I posted a while back, I'm going to talk about some of the fundamental principles of machine shorthand.
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